Start by observing the sun's path in your garden. The sun's path changes with the seasons and varies depending on the location of your garden. Note the direction in which the sun rises and sets, and how long it stays in each area of your garden.
Identify any obstructions that may block sunlight, such as trees, buildings, or fences. These can cast shadows and create microclimates in your garden. Obstructions can also create areas of full sun, partial shade, or deep shade.
: Use a light meter or smartphone app to measure the light levels in different areas of your garden. Full sun areas receive more than 6 hours of direct sunlight per day, partial shade areas receive 3-6 hours of direct sunlight per day.
Consider the quality of light in your garden. Direct sunlight is intense and can cause plants to dry out or scorch. Indirect light, or dappled shade, is softer and creates a more comfortable environment for many plants.
The amount of sunlight affects the moisture level of the soil. Full sun areas tend to dry out quickly, while shady areas retain moisture for longer. Check the moisture level of the soil in different areas of your garden and note any variations.
Microclimates are small areas within your garden that have unique growing conditions due to variations in sunlight, temperature, and moisture. Examples of microclimates include south-facing walls, sheltered corners, and low-lying areas.
The amount and quality of light can vary depending on the time of day. Morning light is cooler and softer, while afternoon light is hotter and more intense. Note how the light changes throughout the day in different areas of your garden.
Different plants have different light requirements. Some plants, such as tomatoes and peppers, thrive in full sun, while others, such as ferns and hostas, prefer partial or full shade.
When planning your garden design, take into account the different light conditions in your garden. Place sun-loving plants in full sun areas and shade-loving plants in partial or full shade areas. Consider using plants that tolerate a range of light conditions.
Finally, monitor the light conditions in your garden throughout the year. As the seasons change, so will the amount and quality of light in your garden. Keep a garden journal and note any changes in light conditions, plant growth, and productivity.